Slacpub16466 increasing klystron efficiency using com. A vacuum tube is a piece of electronic equipment, usually a tubular glass structure, from which most of the air has been removed. The kaband eik amplifier provides up to 800 watts of kaband power. The general construction of the reflex klystron oscillator and a two. Caryotakis, performance of a 150mw sband klystron, aip conf. The klystron tube is a stable microwave power amplifier which provides high gain at. Lowpower klystrons are used as oscillators in terrestrial microwave relay communications links, while highpower klystrons are used as output tubes in uhf television. Pdf the applications of multibeam technique in microwave tubes including klystrons and traveling wave tubes have been analyzed. Then in 1937, working at stanford university with his brother sigurd, russell varian invented the klystron. A small hole in the broad wall of the waveguide is provided, through which output coupling pin of klystron tube enters into the waveguide. A klystron tube is a special type of vacuum tube invented in 1937 by the varian brothers.
Special thanks to richard hall k5gzr for donating this device. It spins around its axis and this causes it to act like a tiny bar magnet. This is a simple framework designed for remaking thrust, the best game that was ever created. This opens the way for klystron use in communications. Technical specification multibeam sband klystron type bt267 vdbt the company was created for the development and manufacture of precision microwave vacuumelectrontube devices vetd. Klystron power supply, klystron tube, isolator, frequency meter, variable attenuator, detector mount, waveguide stand, vswr meter and bnc cable. Klystron an ultrahighfrequency electronic vacuum device in which a steady stream. It is designed for use as the final poweramplified component in the aircraft control radar system and weather radar system. The expected lifetime of a tetrode in uhf service is usually shorter than a klystron ofthesamepowerlevel. Klystron, thermionic electron tube that generates or amplifies microwaves by controlling the speed of a stream of electrons. A klystron is a specialized linearbeam vacuum tube, invented in 1937 by american electrical engineers russell and sigurd varian, which is used as an amplifier for high radio frequencies, from uhf up into the microwave range.
The drive beam accelerator pulsecompression scheme uses a series of rf deflectors that are driven by highpower klystronmodulators. Diode drive cavity idler cavities output cavity collector f 2996 mhz gain 55 db efficiency. These electrons move at a uniform speed towards the anode until they are attracted by it. To study the characteristics of the reflex klystron tube and to determine the its electronic tuning range. Experiment4 study of the characteristics of the klystron tube. To study the characteristics of the reflex klystron tube and to determine its electronic tuning range. Typicallifetimesof8,000to15,000hourshavebeenreported. Microwave tube operation 1975 franks electron tube data. Description of special versions of modern klystron tubes. The klystron incorporates one or more of these cavities with grids in top and bottom. Klystronmodulators for the 3 tev clic scheme an overview. At the bottom of the tube we have an electron gun that produces a narrow beam of electrons. Reflex klystron working, oscillator and applegate diagram.
Delivery of the device, identified as tube type 8, started by april 1941. A microwave source of surprising range and endurance pdf. The electrons are originally accelerated to high velocity by a potential of several hundred volts and enter a narrow gap that forms part of a cavity resonator system see figure, where they are acted upon by a radiofrequency field, which causes a bunchingup effect. The reflex klystron contains a reflector plate, referred to as the repeller, instead of the output cavity used in other types of klystrons. The reflex klystron makes use of velocity modulation to transform a continuous electron beam into. The 5045 klystron design has remained largely unchanged. The klystron tube was used for radar systems during the second world war and is still in use for radar systems today. Some 660 units of gl iiic sets were delivered to britain from 1941 under the lend. Klystron tube article about klystron tube by the free.
Ve1093b s band high power klystron tube ve1093b s band high power klystron tube 1. Klystron multi cavity klystron, reflex klystron, working. The electrons are fired into one end of the tube by an electron gun. Uhfband lband sband cband xband ku band dbsband kaband. Microwave engineering cavity klystron tutorialspoint.
Cw products lband, klystrons microwave power products. Intensive work, however, has led to products that offer higher output powers and extended operating lifetime, while retaining the benefits inherent in tetrode devices. Uhfband lband sband cband xband kuband dbsband kaband. This hole is exactly located in the center of broad wall. Reflex klystron is one of the most commonly used microwave low power generators. Klystron cavities as well as a waveguide system and the output coupler from the klystron are designed and made in such a way that the signal of the output of the klystron is a 1,3 ghz signal. Klystron tube technologies for very highpower applications, such as synchrotrons and radar systems, have since been developed. The 5045 klystron was introduced in the 1980s as the rf source for accelerating particles in the slac linac. The brothers russell and sigurd varian of stanford university are the. Low power reflex klystrons, while being replaced by solid.
A klystron is a specialized linearbeam vacuum tube evacuated electron tube the name klystron comes from the stem form. F input signal to the buncher cavity with the help of loop coupling. Other articles where twocavity klystron is discussed. To study the characteristics of the reflex klystron tube and to determine the its. Pdf optimization of micromachined reflex klystrons for operation. Normally, multibeam klystrons are focused with powerful magnetic fields, but this type of focusing is complex, expensive and adds considerable weight and size to the device. This year marks the 60th anniversary of the birth of the klystron at stanford university. Normally we use separate components in devices such as radio transmitters and receivers but as frequencies increase the two components merge into one structure and become a. Allows rf energy to pass through the tube unaffected when not pulsed requires added stages of amplification because of low gain, e. The finite state machine for klystron operation for vuv. The klystron is the ubiquitous source of rf power in accelerators today. To build any sort of electron tube is extremely difficult, and a klystron would be impossible for you to make. Electron beams are produced from a source and the cavity klystrons are employed to amplify the signals.
Technical specification multibeam sband klystron type. Electron space charge aegis cruiser with anspy1 radar cfa plan view. So far the biggest project using the framework is klystrack, a chiptune tracker that uses the klystron sound engine for great success some selling points. The application for klystron with integral cavities is usually credited in the early 1939 to hahn and metcalf and to russell and sigurd varian, two brothers that. In this video, i have explained reflex klystron with following points 1. The phenomenon of electron spin resonance esr is based on the fact that an electron is a charged particle. In the klystron section there are a couple of security interlocks systems that examine the online klystron. Based on this, we have applied for a patent on a broadband multibeam klystron that utilizes electrostatic focusing. Cpi also offers a series of compact kpas with the same feature sets as the gen iv, but utilizing traditional klystron technology. It is of the same rugqedized construction as the bendix 6116tk62 the tube is, division, eatontown, new jersey publication.
When switch on the circuit, the electrons starts emitting from the cathode. Introduction ve1093b is a s band pulse klystron tube. The work was advanced by the spacechargewave propagation theory of hahn and ramo l in 1939 and con. Klystrons modulate a stream of electrons traveling along the. Pdf application of multibeam technique in microwave tubes. The principle of velocityvariation, first used in heil oscillators, was also used in other microwave amplifying and oscillating tubes. For the generation and amplification of microwaves, there is a need of some special tubes called as microwave tubes. The klystron is at heart a narrowband vacuumtube ampli. In the reflex klystron, the electron beam passes through a single resonant cavity. Pdf operational status of klystronmodulator system for pal 2. To understand the operation of a reflex klystron i think you need to start with a basic understanding of a tuned circuit made up from a capacitor c and inductor l. It was the first working klystron that physicists and engineers there had been able to observe. All amplifiers are available as single units or in redundant or combined systems.
These rf deflectors are part of the scheme to create power at 30 ghz that is distributed to the transfer structures feeding the main beam linacs. Electron spin resonance esr principle, instrumentation. The klystron is used in television transmission, particle accelerators, and powerful radar, like that in the dew line which defended north america from attack. The operating voltages of a klystron are too low to cause xrays.
Pulsed products uhfband, klystrons microwave power products. Classification of the klystrons, mode of operation of the twocavity, multicavity and reflex klystrons. After passing through the resonant cavity they are reflected by a negatively charged reflector electrode for another pass through the cavity, where they are then collected. Cavity of a repeller klystron another tube based on velocity modulation, and used to generate microwave energy, is the reflex klystron repeller klystron. Their tube, the first to be demonstrated away from home, was to be tested in the straight line blindlanding system designed by dr. The essential elements of klystron are electron beams and cavity resonators.
The tube was the first practical source of microwaves and its invention initiated a search for increasingly more powerful sources, which continues to this day. After initial modifications to minimize infant mortalities the tube proved to be a very robust rf source with a cumulative mtbf of more than 50,000 high voltage hours 3. A klystron is a specialized linearbeam vacuum tube, invented in 1937 by american electrical. The reason why that tube was better than all others is unknown.
1376 1002 1030 1502 1080 1627 539 1645 121 1507 526 65 849 1206 1506 1179 635 500 1214 116 1462 1639 734 1141 1582 1469 1172 75 768 1547 85 931 1271 760 955 1138 372 564 14 94 550 342 194 604